The value of unpaid labor

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Women perform 64% of all unpaid work and would be the primary earners if unpaid labor were monetarily valued and the gender pay gap were eliminated. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Bente Nora Borchers

doi:10.25365/thesis.81171

January 1, 2026Open Access

The value of unpaid labor

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Key Points

This research aims to assign a monetary value to unpaid labor while highlighting the resultant economic disparities affecting women.
Analyzed time use data from Statistic Austria (2021/22, 2008/09) based on the microcensus.
Calculated average unpaid labor time for both genders using various valuation methods like replacement cost, market cost, and opportunity cost.
Examined how socio-demographic factors like education, parent status, and age influence unpaid labor valuations.
Women perform 64% of all unpaid labor (as of 2022) and spend more time on unpaid tasks than men.
If losses from the gender pay gap were added to women's calculated total income, they would be the primary earners.

Implication

Master's thesis estimates the monetary value of unpaid labor, suggesting significant gender income gaps impact women.

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Cite This Study

Bente Nora Borchers (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2a50e080c8f91e7f39d545 https://doi.org/10.25365/thesis.81171

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The value of unpaid labor

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

The value of unpaid labor

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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