Resveratrol Attenuates Cognitive Impairments, Oxidative Damage,and Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Imidacloprid-inducedNeurodegeneration

Introduction: Imidacloprid, which is a widely used insecticide to protect a wide variety of crops. It can enter the body through a variety of mechanisms, including occupational exposure and contaminated food or water. The current work intended to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic potential of resveratrol against imidacloprid-induced neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, highlighting its medicinal value as a natural neuroprotectant. Material and Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken in databases such as Pub- Med, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 2000 to 2024, to identify experimental parameters and neurobehavioral outcomes linked with imidacloprid-induced neurotoxicity. According to the findings, Albino Wistar rats (180-250 g) were separated into five groups: normal control, imidaclopride (45mg/kg), imidaclopride+resveratrol 15mg/kg, imidaclopride+ resveratrol 30mg/kg, and imidaclopride+donepezil 5mg/kg. All the drug treatments were given po for 28 days. Behavioural tests (Morris Water Maze and Novel Object Recognition), biochemical assays for oxidative and inflammatory indicators, cholinesterase estimate, and histopathology examinations were used to measure neuroprotective results. Results: Regular exposure to Imidacloprid resulted in behavioural abnormalities, oxidative stress, and neuronal degeneration, as evidenced by increased levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and interleukin-6, in addition to reduced glutathione and catalase activity. Resveratrol administration reversed these effects by improving spatial and recognition memory, increasing antioxidant defense, and lowering inflammatory cytokines and the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Histopathological examination of brain tissue indicates reduced neuronal injury and the preservation of hippocampal and cortical integrity in resveratrol treated group when compared with the imidacloprid-treated group. Discussion: This study emphasises the biological benefits of resveratrol as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory chemical that can help prevent pesticide-induced neurotoxicity. Resveratrol, which targets oxidative and inflammatory pathways, may be a viable alternative to existing synthetic neuroprotective medications like donepezil due to its multifaceted activity. Conclusion: Resveratrol substantially reduces imidacloprid-induced neurotoxicity by restoring antioxidant balance, decreasing neuroinflammation, and enhancing cognitive function. These data support resveratrol's significance as a possible treatment adjuvant for pesticide-related neurodegenerative disorders.