Neurobehavioral Toxicity of Acetamiprid in Male Rats and the Protective Role of Resveratrol: The Involvement of the PI3K/Akt/BDNF Pathway

This study investigated the neurobehavioral toxicity of Acetamiprid (ACP), a neonicotinoid insecticide, in male rats and evaluated the potential neuroprotective effects of Resveratrol (RSV), a natural antioxidant found in grapes and peanuts. Forty rats were divided into four groups (Control, ACP 25 mg/kg, RSV 20 mg/kg, and ACP + RSV) and treated orally for 90 days. Assessments included behavioral testing for anxiety and cognition, biochemical analysis of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (GSH, CAT, MDA, TNF-α), and gene expression profiling of the Pi3k/Akt/BDNF pathway and p38 Mapk and Nbn genes. Histopathological and Tau immunostaining examinations were also conducted. ACP exposure significantly induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment. The ACP group exhibited marked oxidative stress, apoptosis, and elevated inflammatory marker. ACP altered the expression of genes associated with neuronal survival and repair. Histology confirmed neurodegeneration, necrosis, and gliosis across various brain regions. While ACP causes neurological and oxidative damage, co-treatment with RSV maintains neurobehavioral function and mitigates cellular injury, suggesting its efficacy as a protective agent against ACP-induced neurotoxicity.