Recent advances in wearable sensors for uric acid detection: methods, devices, and outlooks

Rapid advances in flexible electronic sensing technologies are transforming digital and personalized health monitoring. Wearable sensors, distinguished by portability, noninvasiveness, and real‑time data acquisition, enable continuous health tracking beyond clinical settings and support proactive disease management. Dynamic monitoring of uric acid (UA) via wearable platforms offers significant potential for early diagnosis of metabolic disorders, evaluation of wound healing, and individualized health strategies. This review synthesizes recent progress in wearable UA sensors across diverse sensing principles, highlighting sensitive elements, signal transduction, and recognition mechanisms. We critically examine strategies to enhance sensor performance, addressing both general biosensing challenges and the unique complexities of UA detection. Furthermore, we discuss design and integration approaches for wearable UA sensors, survey representative applications, and provide perspectives on prevailing limitations, potential solutions, and future directions for advancing UA‑based health monitoring.