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This research aims to examine the volatilization of alloying elements during the vacuum melting of high-Cr die steel and its effects on fume generation and alloy loss.

June 13, 2026MetalsOpen Access

Cleaner Vacuum Melting of D2 High-Chromium Die Steel: Volatilization-Driven Fume Formation and a Vacuum-Level Window to Reduce Alloy Loss

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This research aims to examine the volatilization of alloying elements during the vacuum melting of high-Cr die steel and its effects on fume generation and alloy loss.
D2 high-carbon high-chromium die steel was melted in a vacuum induction furnace at 15 Pa and 1600 °C for 60 min.
CO and CO2 emissions were monitored online during the process.
Collected volatile matter and the magnesia crucible were analyzed using XRF, XRD, Micro-CT, SEM-EDS, and XPS.
Collected metallic volatile matter contained 49.96 wt.% Mn, 32.58 wt.% Fe, and 13.23 wt.% Cr, with enrichment factors of 2.78 and 3.91 × 102 for Cr and Mn, respectively.
At a pressure of 10 Pa, the volatilization amounts were 3.32 g Fe, 1.05 g Cr, and 0.31 g Mn per 100 g of molten steel.
A vacuum level above 20 Pa is proposed to effectively reduce fume generation and alloy loss.

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Randomized trial explores fume generation in high-chromium die steel processing, suggesting optimized vacuum levels for less alloy loss.

Cite This Study

Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2cf776faef96ed7f058b01 https://doi.org/10.3390/met16060638

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Cleaner Vacuum Melting of D2 High-Chromium Die Steel: Volatilization-Driven Fume Formation and a Vacuum-Level Window to Reduce Alloy Loss

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Cite This Study

Cleaner Vacuum Melting of D2 High-Chromium Die Steel: Volatilization-Driven Fume Formation and a Vacuum-Level Window to Reduce Alloy Loss

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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