This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness of online distance education compared to other approaches on K-12 students' academic performance; to evaluate the effectiveness of online distance education compared to other approaches on K-12 students' non-academic performance, including classroom participation, learning interest, learning pressure, social skills and social isolation, and; to evaluate the potential moderators between online distance education and students' performance and other outcomes, such as grade, country, subject, study duration, teaching content and methods, and family circumstances.
Ren et al. (Mon,) studied this question.