Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Fetus: A Rare Presentation Case Report

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. (A) Axial view of the fetal heart demonstrates significant hypertrophy of the interventricular septum (IVS) and cardiomegaly, with clear visualization of the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV). (B) Short‐axis view of both ventricles reveals marked asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum.

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  FIGURE 2. (A) Color Doppler imaging in the five‐chamber view displays flow acceleration in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and aorta (yellow arrow), consistent with LVOT narrowing or obstruction. (B) Doppler spectral imaging of the LVOT reveals high‐velocity flow, confirming LVOT obstruction.

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  FIGURE 3. (A) Postnatal two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the parasternal long‐axis view demonstrates significant hypertrophy of the interventricular septum (IVS). (B) The same parasternal long‐axis view shows thickening of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (AML) (yellow arrow). Additionally, thickening of the left ventricular endocardium at the point of contact with the AML, indicative of an endocardial plaque, is observed (red arrow). (C) Color Doppler imaging in the parasternal long‐axis view highlights significant mitral regurgitation (MR).

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  FIGURE 4. (A) The five‐chamber view with color Doppler imaging displays significant aliasing in the LVOT, indicative of turbulent flow. (B) Doppler spectral imaging of the LVOT postnatally shows no significant LVOT obstruction (LVOTO).

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  FIGURE 5. (A) Electrocardiogram showing increased R wave voltage and T wave inversion, indicative of left ventricular hypertrophy. (B) Chest radiograph of a neonate showing cardiomegaly with prominence of the left heart border, suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy. A nasogastric tube is also visible in situ.