Antidiabetic effects of andrographolide and its derivatives in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar Rat

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term metabolic disorder that develops silently and affects multiple organs through vascular complications. This study aimed to isolate andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.), synthesize its novel derivatives to enhance their therapeutic activity and evaluate their antidiabetic effects of these derivatives in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. STZ administration significantly elevated blood glucose and reduced body weight. Andrographolide reduced plasma glucose from 218.76 to 124.7 mg/dL, while the derivative reduced it from 204.9 to 114.5 mg/dL, showing superior activity comparable to metformin. Histopathology confirmed improved pancreatic protection in treated groups. Andrographolide derivatives demonstrated enhanced antidiabetic efficacy compared to the parent compound, indicating that chemical modification can improve pharmacokinetics and therapeutic potential. Further mechanistic and safety studies are warranted.