Photochemical Cu( iii )-mediated trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes and biomolecules

groups are sequentially converted into trifluoromethyl radicals, enabling high-yielding transformations under mild conditions. The protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and is applicable to the late-stage trifluoromethylation of pharmaceuticals, amino acids, and nucleosides. Mechanistic studies support a photoinitiated radical pathway and reveal the full utilization of the Cu(iii) species. The results presented advance the use of copper-mediated strategies for the sustainable incorporation of fluorine into complex molecules.