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June 19, 2026Sleep ScienceOpen Access

Circadian Oscillators and Non-Visual Photoreceptors in the Chicken Retinal Ganglion Cells

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Randomized trial demonstrates rhythmic melatonin synthesis in chicken retinal ganglion cells, highlighting photoreception role.

Investigate the presence of circadian oscillators and non-visual photoreceptors in chicken retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).
Conducted primary cultures of immunopurified embryonic RGCs
Measured daily rhythms in gene expression and melatonin biosynthesis
Examined changes in intracellular Ca+2 mobilization in response to light exposure.
15-20% of RGCs expressed the Opn4x protein with significant changes in Ca+2 mobilization upon light exposure.
Light stimulation activated the phosphoinositide cycle, increasing levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3).
PLC inhibitor U73122 reversed light-induced changes in IP3 levels and Ca+2 mobilization.

Guido et al. (2009) studied this question.

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