Modulation of Emotions Using Botulinum Toxin in Individuals Without Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review

Aim: This review aims to discuss the mechanisms by which reducing facial muscle activity in the glabellar region may influence emotional processing and regulation in individuals without diagnosed mental disorders. Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted using MedLine/PubMed databases in both Polish and English. Additionally, reference lists of selected articles were screened to identify further relevant studies. Results: Botulinum toxin exerts its effect by blocking acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in temporary muscle paralysis. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, facial expressions not only reflect emotions but also influence their experience and regulation. Limiting the activity of muscles responsible for negative emotional expressions may modulate subjective emotional experience. Available studies suggest that botulinum toxin injections in the glabellar region may be associated with improved mood and increased subjective well-being in individuals without psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Botulinum toxin may influence emotional regulation by altering feedback from facial muscles in individuals without mental disorders. However, high-quality studies are still needed to confirm these findings.