Eco-Sustainable UV Spectrophotometric Quantification of Dapagliflozin in Marketed Formulations Using Area Under Curve Approach: Validation and Greenness Assessment

Abstract Objectives: To develop and validate a simple, precise, and environmentally sociable UV spectrophotometric technique for measurement dapagliflozin in bulk and tablet forms while also examination for greenness rendering to the guidelines of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). Method: This study has used a methanol: distilled water (50:50 v/v) solvent system to get the best solubility. The values for Area Under Curve and λmax were between 220 and 234 nm and 226 nm, respectively. Findings: Over the range of 4–20 µg/mL, there was a linear relationship (r² = 0.999). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.41 µg/mL and 1.41 µg/mL, respectively. The method was reliable because the accuracy (98.04–101.90%) and precision (%RSD < 2%) were both good. The commercial tablet test showed that 98.20 ± 0.26% of the claim was true. The Analytical Eco-Scale score of 88 classified the method as a “excellent green analysis,” and the AGREE score of 0.82 indicated strong GAC compliance. The ComplexGAPI pictogram displayed 73% green/yellow and 27% red zones, confirming minimal environmental impact. Compared to typical chromatographic techniques, the UV–AUC method required substantially less solvent, energy, and time, while still providing comparable accuracy and sensitivity within the scope of spectrophotometric analysis. Thus, the developed method represents a simple, reliable, and environmentally sustainable alternative for routine pharmaceutical quality assessment. Novelty: First validated AUC-based UV method for dapagliflozin integrating tri-tool greenness metrics (Eco-Scale, AGREE, and ComplexGAPI) to deliver rapid, low-cost, and sustainable analysis. Keywords: Dapagliflozin, Green Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Eco-Scale, AGREE, UV Spectrophotometry