Eco-Friendly Uv Spectrophotometric Estimation of Empagliflozin: A Green Analytical Chemistry Approach

A simple, rapid, economical, and green UV spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of Empagliflozin in bulk and tablet dosage form. The method was designed according to the principles of green analytical chemistry by minimizing the use of hazardous organic solvents. Empagliflozin was initially dissolved in a small quantity of methanol and further diluted with distilled water. The prepared solution was scanned in the wavelength range of 200–400 nm using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer and 224 nm was selected as the analytical wavelength based on suitable absorbance characteristics. The method exhibited good linearity within the selected concentration range with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.999 The developed method was validated according to analytical validation parameters including selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, LOQ and assay. The results obtained for these parameters were found to be within acceptable limits, indicating the sensitive, accurate, reliability and reproducibility of the method. Assay studies demonstrated satisfactory estimation of the drug content. The greenness profile of the method was evaluated using AGREEprep and MoGAPI assessment tools. The AGREE prep evaluation showed an excellent greenness score of 0.86 due to reduced solvent consumption, minimal waste generation, simple sample preparation, and low energy requirement. The MoGAPI pictogram obtained score of 83 indicating that the method possesses good eco-friendly characteristics with minimal environmental burden. The proposed method was found to be simple, eco-friendly, cost-effective, accurate, precise and suitable for routine analysis of empagliflozin in pharmaceutical laboratories.