A hormonal stage-informed precision approach to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in women is necessary to address the disproportionate disease burden and sex-specific risk factors across the lifespan.
This review emphasizes the critical need to integrate female-specific risk factors, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes and menopausal transitions, into the staging and management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome to improve outcomes in women.
Abstract Women experience a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) disease, with higher mortality and greater life-years lost than men. Despite this, sex-specific evidence guiding CKM risk assessment and management remains limited. Female-specific factors, including pregnancy complications, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal transitions, and menopause are inconsistently integrated into care, while women remain underrepresented in trials. This review highlights sex-based CKM differences and priorities for equitable, life-course–informed prevention and management in women.
Mousavi et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Hormonal stage-informed precision approach was evaluated. A hormonal stage-informed precision approach to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in women is necessary to address the disproportionate disease burden and sex-specific risk factors across the lifespan.