Key result
Hormonal stage-informed precision care for CKM syndrome in women addresses sex-specific risks across the lifespan.
Why the study?
Women face a disproportionate burden of CKM disease with higher mortality than men, yet sex-specific evidence guiding risk assessment and management remains limited.
This review emphasizes the critical need to integrate female-specific risk factors, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes and menopausal transitions, into the staging and management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome to improve outcomes in women.
Women with CKM disease need sex-specific risk assessment incorporating reproductive factors; leaves open standardized trial inclusion and guideline integration.
Women experience a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) disease, with higher mortality and greater life-years lost than men. Despite this, sex-specific evidence guiding CKM risk assessment and management remains limited. Female-specific factors, including pregnancy complications, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal transitions, and menopause are inconsistently integrated into care, while women remain underrepresented in trials. This review highlights sex-based CKM differences and priorities for equitable, life-course–informed prevention and management in women.
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Mousavi et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Hormonal stage-informed precision approach was evaluated. A hormonal stage-informed precision approach to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in women is necessary to address the disproportionate disease burden and sex-specific risk factors across the lifespan.
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