Invasive Devices and Sensors for Remote Care of Heart Failure Patients

Figures

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  Figure 1. The effects of repeated hospital admissions for acute heart failure episodes on myocardial function. Reprinted from The American Journal of Cardiology, Volume 96, Issue 6, Gheorghiade et al., Pathophysiologic Targets in the Early Phase of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes, Pages 11–17, Copyright 2005, with permission from Elsevier [6].

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  Figure 3. Pathophysiology of congestion. Graph adapted from Adamson PB, Pathophysiology of the transition from chronic compensated and acute decompensated heart failure: new insights from continuous monitoring devices. Current Heart Failure Reports 2009, 6, 287–292 [9]. Reprinted with permission from Abbott Inc. (Abbott, Sylmar, CA, USA).

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  Figure 2. The effect of repeated heart failure hospitalizations on patient survival. Reprinted from American Heart Journal, Volume 154, Issue 2, Setoguchi et al., Repeated hospitalizations predict mortality in the community population with heart failure, Pages 260–266, Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier [4].

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  Figure 4. The Chronicle implantable hemodynamic monitoring (IHM) system with a pressure transducer incorporated near the tip of a right ventricular (RV) lead. Reprinted from Journal of Cardiac Failure, Volume 8, Issue 2, Magalski et al., Continuous ambulatory right heart pressure measurements with an implantable hemodynamic monitor: A multicenter, 12-month follow-up study of patients with chronic heart failure, Pages 63–70, Copyright 2002, with permission from Elsevier [17].

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  Figure 5. Rates of heart failure-related events as reported in the Chronicle Offers Management to Patients with Advanced Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure (COMPASS-HF) study. Reprinted from Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Volume 51, Issue 11, Bourge et al., Randomized Controlled Trial of an Implantable Continuous Hemodynamic Monitor in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure, the COMPASS-HF Study, Pages 1073–1079, Copyright 2008, with permission from Elsevier [19].

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  Figure 6. The CardioMEMS (Cardio-Microelectromechanical system) heart failure (HF) system, consisting of (A) The pulmonary artery pressure sensor and (B) the patient electronics unit to take daily pressure readings. Used with permission from Abbott Inc. (Abbott, Sylmar, CA, USA).

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  Figure 7. Effect of pulmonary artery pressure-guided heart failure management on (A) hospital admission rates and (B) on combined rates of hospital admissions and mortality. Reprinted from The Lancet, Volume 387, Issue 10017, Abraham et al., Sustained efficacy of pulmonary artery pressure to guide adjustment of chronic heart failure therapy: complete follow-up results from the CHAMPION randomised trial, Pages 453–461, Copyright 2016, with permission from Elsevier [25].

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  Figure 8. Primary safety endpoints as reported in MEMS-HF (CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure). Adapted from European Journal of Heart Failure, Volume 22, Issue 10, Angermann et al., Pulmonary artery pressure-guided therapy in ambulatory patients with symptomatic heart failure: the CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS-HF), Pages 1891–1901, with permission from Wiley [29]. DSRC, device- or system-related complications.

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  Figure 9. The CordellaTM Heart Failure System consisting of (A) The CordellaTM System and (B) the CordellaTM Pulmonary Artery Pressure Sensor. Reprinted without modification from European Journal of Heart Failure, Volume 22, Issue 10, Mullens et al., Digital health care solution for proactive heart failure management with the Cordella Heart Failure System: results of the SIRONA first-in-human study, Pages 1912–1919, Copyright 2020, with permission from Elsevier [33]. PAP, pulmonary artery pressure.

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  Figure 10. The HeartPOD Left Atrial Pressure (LAP) sensing device. Reprinted from Heart, Lung and Circulation, Volume 14, Issue 2, Walton et al., The HeartPOD Implantable Heart Failure Therapy System, Pages S31-S33, Copyright 2005, with permission from Elsevier [36].

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  Figure 11. The V-LAPTM Left Atrial Pressure Sensor. Used with permission from Vectorious Medical Technologies, Tel Aviv, Israel.