Preventing homelessness in pregnant youth and young mothers: a review of key turning points

Background Pregnancy and motherhood in youth experiencing homelessness is a critical public health issue. Understanding key turning points (KTPs) and pathways into, during, and out of homelessness for this group is vital for enhancing prevention and intervention efforts.We conducted a scoping review to synthesize existing knowledge on the topic in scientific and grey literature for pregnant youth and young mothers aged 13 to 30.Methods The review involved an extensive search in eight scientific and three grey literature databases, and a Google Scholar search, leading to the thematic analysis of 45 studies.Results Nine themes were identified: 1. History of experiencing violence, abuse, and victimization; 2. Involvement with the child welfare system; 3. Transition periods; 4. Lack of supportive relationships; 5. Pro-pregnancy attitudes; 6. Pregnancy and motherhood as opportunity and challenge; 7. Fear of child protective services and custody loss; 8. Challenges in accessing resources; 9. Pregnancy and motherhood as a facilitator for exiting homelessness. The review also highlighted unique aspects of homelessness and pregnancy for LGBTQIA + and BIPOC youth.Conclusions The scoping review revealed complex, interconnected pathways and KTPs for pregnant youth and young mothers experiencing homelessness. Effective support requires tailored interventions addressing their specific needs, with a focus on trauma-informed care.