Study of the biochemical, histological and cytogenetic effects of two different energy drinks (EDs); Red bull and power horse; on brain of adult male Albino rats and to determine the possible protective role of omega-3 on the adverse effects of EDs".

Background: Energy drinks (EDs) became a worldwide phenomenon and popular especially among youngadult and the brain is one of the most vulnerable organs to toxicity.Objective: This work aimed to study the sub chronic effect of consumption of two different popular energydrinks (power horse and red bull) on the brain of adult male albino rats through biochemical, histological andcytogenetic parameters, and to determine the possible protective role of Omega-3 on the adverse effects of EDs.Also, to determine the effects of EDs withdrawal (recovery period).Methodology: Forty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into 8 groups; control, omega 3, RB, PH, each ofEDs combined with omega 3 and after 2 weeks of withdrawal. Blood samples, brains and femora from the ratswere obtained for biochemical, histological and cytogenetic evaluation.Results: The studied EDs resulted in elevation of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, structural andnumerical chromosomal aberrations. While they decreased the antioxidant markers (catalase and Superoxidedismutase), acetylcholinesterase activity, total content of DNA and RNA in brain tissue and the mitotic indexwith disturbance in the normal histology of the brain. Either treatment with omega 3 or EDs withdrawal improvethese changes with better effect to omega 3.Conclusion: EDs are toxic to the brain. Omega 3 or EDs withdrawal can ameliorate this toxicity with bettereffect to omega 3. Therefore, strict control of EDs consumption is urgently needed