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This case explores a rare manifestation of multicentric Castleman disease associated with POEMS syndrome and its atypical osteolytic features.

A Rare Case of POEMS-Associated Multicentric Castleman Disease with an Atypical Osteolytic Presentation

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Case report finds diagnostic challenges in POEMS-associated multicentric Castleman disease, highlighting need for plasma cell-directed therapy.

This case explores a rare manifestation of multicentric Castleman disease associated with POEMS syndrome and its atypical osteolytic features.
Clinical evaluation of a 43-year-old man with progressive symptoms
Diagnostic imaging and laboratory assessments including serum protein electrophoresis
Treatment with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCD)
Diagnosis confirmed as POEMS-MCD with features of Castleman disease histology
Significant clinical and laboratory improvement noted after four treatment cycles
Elevated VEGF and presence of osteolytic lesions prompted diagnostic considerations similar to multiple myeloma

Dolai et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Case report finds diagnostic challenges in POEMS-associated multicentric Castleman disease, highlighting need for plasma cell-directed therapy.