What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to explore how national language policies govern multilingual education in Malaysia and the Philippines, highlighting discursive hierarchies.

June 28, 2026Humanities and Social Sciences CommunicationsOpen Access

Governing multilingual education through policy discourse: discursive hierarchies in Malaysia and the Philippines

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YHYang HuKarlsruhe Institute of Technology YHYuheng HeChengdu Normal University JZJie ZengDevelopment Research Center

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Implication

This article examines how language policies shape multilingual education outcomes in Malaysia and the Philippines, indicating persistent linguistic inequalities.

Key Points

The study aims to explore how national language policies govern multilingual education in Malaysia and the Philippines, highlighting discursive hierarchies.
Analyzed constitutional provisions, legislative acts, national education frameworks, and curriculum documents from Malaysia and the Philippines.
Adopted a discursive–institutional perspective to understand language policy and education governance in both contexts.
Compared the language-in-education governance approaches of the two countries.
In Malaysia, Bahasa Melayu is prioritized for national unity, while English serves as global capital, leaving minority languages marginalized.
The Philippines promotes mother-tongue-based multilingual education but continues to uphold the dominance of Filipino and English due to uneven implementation.
Both countries exhibit similar patterns of linguistic inequality, with English portrayed as an economic necessity rather than a political choice.

Cite This Study

Hu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a40bb4561bb0a67205c6ce1 https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-08080-4

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Implication

This article examines how language policies shape multilingual education outcomes in Malaysia and the Philippines, indicating persistent linguistic inequalities.

Governing multilingual education through policy discourse: discursive hierarchies in Malaysia and the Philippines

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Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Governing multilingual education through policy discourse: discursive hierarchies in Malaysia and the Philippines

Discussion

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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