Ayurgenomics: Exploring the Genomic Basis of Prakriti and Its Implications for Precision Medicine—a Narrative Review

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine dating back to 1500 BCE, offers a holistic framework for personalized health through the concept of Prakriti—an individual's innate constitutional type determined by the relative dominance of the three Tridoshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). Ayurgenomics represents an emerging transdisciplinary field that integrates Ayurvedic Prakriti stratification with modern genomics to uncover the molecular basis of inter-individual variability in health and disease. This narrative review critically examines the genomic correlates of Prakriti, including associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), HLA alleles, and genes involved in metabolic pathways (CYP2C19, ACE, LEPR, EGLN1), and discusses their implications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). Evidence demonstrates that healthy individuals of contrasting Prakriti types exhibit significant differences in biochemical parameters, gene expression levels (particularly immunity, cell division, and blood coagulation genes), and molecular phenotypes. The integration of Ayurveda's Trisutra framework (Doṣa-Dhātu-Māla) with genomics through Ayurgenomics provides a novel molecular framework for identifying predisposed individuals and discovering actionable therapeutic points in an individualized manner. This review underscores the potential of Prakriti-based stratification to advance precision medicine while identifying gaps requiring large-scale genomic validation studies and standardized assessment tools.