Sustainable, metal-free synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols using maleic acid under solvent-free conditions

We have developed a novel, environmentally friendly one-pot method for the synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols from aldehydes, β-naphthol, and amides. This approach uses biodegradable maleic acid as a catalyst and does not require solvents, making it a greener choice than traditional methods that use metals, strong acids, or toxic solvents. The process is efficient, works with many starting materials, and makes it easy to isolate the product without chromatography. By avoiding hazardous solvents, this method is practical, sustainable, and provides an effective way to make functionalized naphthalene derivatives.