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July 3, 2026Journal of Demographic EconomicsOpen Access

Human capital differences and fertility inequality: an analysis based on the substitutability and complementarity of educational investment factors

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Authors

PLPu LiaoCentral University of Finance and EconomicsLZLingli ZhangChina Pharmaceutical UniversityQHQijun HuangCentral University of Finance and Economics

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Implication

Randomized trial examines the connection between educational inputs and fertility inequality in households, indicating potential policy implications.

Key Points

  • This research aims to analyze the relationship between household human capital and fertility inequality in China.
  • Developed an overlapping-generations model to assess educational input relationships.
  • Analyzed data from China Family Panel Studies to evaluate fertility patterns across different household human capital levels.
  • Examined complementarity and substitutability of educational investments among eastern, central, and western China.
  • Identified a robust U-shaped relationship between household human capital and fertility rates.
  • Found significant complementarity among educational time, monetary investment, and human capital formation.
  • Showed that policies enhancing substitutability among educational inputs could reduce fertility inequality.

Cite This Study

Liao et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4752405c29257aa2579025https://doi.org/10.1017/dem.2026.10025
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