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This research proposes a new stability criterion for disk galaxies based on Hubble's Law, applicable from z=0 to z=12.

July 4, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Raman's 1st Law: A Hubble-Scale Criterion for Disk Galaxy Stability from z=0 to z=12

Key Points

This research proposes a new stability criterion for disk galaxies based on Hubble's Law, applicable from z=0 to z=12.
Evaluated Raman's 1st Law on 200 galaxies including 50 major mergers
Achieved a success rate of 96.5% with Bayesian evidence K=10^50.6
Compared with MOND using Jeffreys scale.
Predicted cosmic deadline z_crit≈11-12 aligning with JWST observations
Demonstrated decisive superiority over MOND
Explained the behavior of 50/50 mergers with parameters indicating stability.

Abstract

We propose Raman's 1st Law: H₁ = H (1+β) GMbar/Rd² - cH (z) /2π where Hubble drag sets a cosmic stability threshold. β=1. 6 from Toomre Q=1, zero free parameters. Tested on 200 galaxies from z=0 to z=12. 3 including 50 major mergers: 96. 5% success. Bayesian evidence K=10⁵0. 6 vs MOND, decisive on Jeffreys scale. Predicts Cosmic Deadline zcrit≈11-12 matching JWST. War Edition explains 50/50 mergers with α=0. 5. Provides cosmological origin for MOND acceleration a₀=2ggal (0).

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