The proteomic fingerprint in infants with single ventricle heart disease in the interstage period: evidence of chronic inflammation and widespread activation of biological networks

Figures

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  Figure 1. (A) Partial least squares-determinant analysis (PLS-DA) readily discriminated between SVHD cases (n = 33) and controls (n = 24) based on their proteomic pattern alone. Each circle represents the distilled proteome of one subject. (B) Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) analysis shows the 35 proteins with the highest effect in distinguishing the proteomes of SVHD cases and controls. Relative up and down-regulation of each protein (high vs. low) demonstrates an overall trend toward up-regulation in SVHD cases.

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  Figure 2. The top five most significant gene ontology (GO) terms within each larger functional group are shown. Down arrows signify GO terms from down-regulated clusters.

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  Figure 3. Clusters of angiogenesis and cell proliferation and turnover. Clusters with a “U” designation were up-regulated and clusters with a “D” designation were down-regulated. Figure protein (node) size is reflective of the degree of connectivity of the protein. Transparency of connecting lines (edges) is reflective of the “interaction score”, or the relative confidence in interaction by STRING.

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  Figure 4. Clusters of immune system regulation, inflammation, response to cell injury (antioxidants), and apoptosis. Cluster formatting is described in Figure 3.

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  Figure 5. Of altered metabolism. The top panel is centered on lipid metabolism (U4, U19, D3). The bottom panel shows carbohydrate metabolism and digestion (U5, D7, D13). Cluster formatting is described in Figure 3.

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  Figure 6. Clusters of gastrointestinal system processes. Cluster U8 contains genes involved in pancreatic inflammation. Cluster U20 centers on maintenance and protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Cluster U21 contains proteins controlling bile acid recycling. Cluster formatting is described in Figure 3.

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  Figure 7. Clusters of neural development. Clusters U6, U9, U24, D5 involve drivers of axonogenesis and axon guidance. Cluster U15 contains individual proteins associated with cerebral plaque formation and autoimmune neuropathy Cluster U16 contains mediators of myelination. Cluster formatting is described in Figure 3.

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  Figure 8. Clusters regulating the cardiovascular system. Cluster U3 centers of cardiac morphogenesis. Cluster U7 includes mediators of vascular tone. Cluster formatting is described in Figure 3.