Key result
Increases in brain sodium and heart failure differentially control cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activity to restore fluid homeostasis and increase cardiac output.
Population
Mammalian models (specifically conscious sheep) with elevated brain [Na+] and heart failure
Design
Review
Authors
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Supports impaired baroreflex and volume sensing in HF sympathoexcitation; leaves open selective CSNA/RSNA targeting for human trials.
This review highlights the differential control of cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activity, enabling selective organ-specific actions to restore homeostasis during elevated brain sodium and to increase cardiac output in heart failure.
May et al. (2009) conducted a review in Heart failure and elevated brain sodium. Increases in brain [Na+] and heart failure vs. Normal state was evaluated on Cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Increases in brain sodium and heart failure differentially control cardiac and renal sympathetic nerve activity to restore fluid homeostasis and increase cardiac output.
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