Shenmai Injection Improves Energy Metabolism in Patients With Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Figures

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  Figure 1. HPLC fingerprint of Shenmai injection and the ginsenosides Re, Rg1, and Rb1 as reference standards. A. Chromatogram of the reference standards: 1 represents ginsenoside Re; 2 represents ginsenoside Rg1; 3 represents ginsenoside Rb1. B. Representative chromatogram of Shenmai injection samples: No. 1–3 represent the common peaks with the reference standards Re, Rg1, and Rb1.

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  Figure 2. Flow chart of the patients included throughout the study. FAS, full analysis set.

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  Figure 3. The effects of the SM, TMZ, and control treatments on the NYHA functional classification in HF patients. *P < 0.01 and #P < 0.05 vs. the control (7 days), *P < 0.01 compared with the TMZ group (7 days).

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  Figure 4. The effects of the SM, TMZ, and control treatments on C-BNP in HF patients. (A) Levels of BNP at baseline and after 7 days of treatment in the SM, TMZ, and control groups; *P <0.01 vs. the baseline of SM; #P < 0.01 vs. the baseline of TMZ; the control group (7 days), P < 0.01 vs. the baseline of control; *P < 0.05 and #P > 0.05 compared with the control group (7 days); (B) C-BNP ratio in the SM, TMZ, and control groups after 7 days; *P < 0.01 or #P < 0.01 vs. the control group (7 days). C-BNP ratio=log10(10baseline-107d)/baseline. 7d, 7days.

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  Figure 5. The effects of the SM, TMZ, and control treatments on CTCM-s in patients with HF. (A) CTCM-s at baseline and after 7 days of treatment in the SM, TMZ, and control groups; *P <0.01 vs. the baseline of SM; #P < 0.01 vs. the baseline of TMZ; the control group (7 days), P < 0.01 vs. the baseline of control; *P < 0.01 and #P > 0.05 compared with the control group (7 days), *P < 0.05 compared with the TMZ group (7 days); (B) CTCM-s in the SM, TMZ, and control groups after 7 days; *P < 0.01 or #P > 0.05 vs. the control group (7 days); *P < 0.05 vs. the TMZ group (7 days). CTCM-s ratio= (baseline-7 days)/baseline.

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  Figure 6. The effects of the SM, TMZ and control treatments on metabolism substrates in the serum in patients with HF. (A) Changes in serum FFAs in patients with HF; *P <0.01 vs. the baseline of SM; #P < 0.05 vs. the baseline of TMZ; control group (7 days), P < 0.05 vs. the baseline of control; *P < 0.05 and #P > 0.05 compared with the control group (7 days). (B) Changes in serum glucose in patients with HF; *P > 0.05 or #P > 0.05 compared with the control group (7 days). (C) Changes in serum LA in patients with HF; *P <0.05 vs. the baseline of SM; #P < 0.05 vs. the baseline of TMZ; the control group (7 days), P < 0.05 vs. the baseline of control; *P > 0.05 or #P > 0.05 compared with the control group (7 days). (D) Changes in serum PA in patients with HF; *P <0.05 vs. the baseline of SM; *P > 0.05 or #P > 0.05 compared with the control group (7 days). (E) Changes in serum BCAAs in patients with HF; *P <0.05 vs. the baseline of SM; *P < 0.05 or #P > 0.05 compared with the control group (7 days).