Structural Design and Photoelectric Performance of Vertical Sunlight-Tracking Mid-Pane Photovoltaic Louver Window

To address the bottleneck that traditional building blinds struggle with, namely synergistically achieve shading control and energy recovery, a vertical mid-pane photovoltaic (PV) louver based on a self-powered feedback mechanism was designed. This system utilizes the voltage difference generated by differential light exposure on photovoltaic thin-film cells to drive a motor, realizing zero-energy automatic tracking of the solar azimuth and dynamic adjustment of component angles. By establishing a mathematical model for sunlight-tracking power generation and combining it with COMSOL multiphysics simulation, the coupling effects of the PV louver angle, operating conditions, and solar terms on photoelectric performance were thoroughly analyzed. The research results indicate that when the PV louver angle increases from 60° to 150°, the power generation significantly improves by 80%. Compared with the non-tracking mode, the all-day power generation efficiency gain of the vertical tracking center-mounted PV louver can reach up to 19.68%. Driven by the seasonal evolution of the solar elevation angle, the direct radiation irradiance during the tracking period across four typical solar terms exhibits a distribution pattern characterized as “higher in winter, lower in summer, and intermediate in spring and autumn.” These findings provide a technical pathway integrating dynamic shading, passive photothermal regulation, and clean power generation for south-facing facades in hot summer and cold winter zones, offering significant reference value for enhancing the energy autonomy and low-carbon level of building envelopes.