Exploring the Foundations of Interplanetary Logistics: Spaceport Infrastructure for the Moon and Mars

Sustainable human presence on the Moon and Mars requires surface infrastructure capable of supporting landing, refueling, cargo handling, and ISRU. This paper presents a systems architecture for extraterrestrial spaceports, informed by terrestrial logistics analogs ( e.g., port operations, ICAO standards) and space mission data (Artemis, Perseverance, VIPER). Key components include regolith-mitigating landing pads, autonomous construction using robotic excavators ( e.g., RASSOR), ISRU-to-propulsion chains ( e.g., Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, Sabatier reactors), and modular habitats. The analysis identifies key gaps: limited validation of ISRU-derived materials under lunar/Martian stressors, absence of standardized interface protocols for cross-provider interoperability, and insufficient power solutions for 14-day lunar nights or Martian dust storms. A phased implementation strategy is proposed, from robotic site surveys (2030s) to crew-tended hubs (2040s), prioritizing risk reduction through Earth-based analog testing and international standardization. The framework supports the emergence of an Interplanetary Logistics Grid but does not prescribe governance models. Instead, it offers a technically grounded foundation for infrastructure development aligned with COSPAR planetary protection and sustainability principles.