Why the study?
The study aimed to examine specific metabolic risk factors for various cardiovascular diseases from 1990 to 2021 by sex, age, and socio-demographic index, and predict trajectories up to 2050.
Population
Global population from 1990 to 2021 stratified by sex, age, and socio-demographic index levels
Comparison
Burden across specific metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease types
Design
Systematic analysis and Bayesian age-period-cohort forecasting study
Key result
High systolic blood pressure was the leading metabolic risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality globally in 2021, with an age-standardized death rate of 125.33 per 100,000 population.
Authors
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May prompt proactive metabolic risk control in practice; extends global CVD burden estimates to 2050.
Observational
Yes
Metabolic risk factors, particularly high systolic blood pressure and high LDL cholesterol, continue to drive a substantial global burden of cardiovascular disease mortality, with projected increases by 2050.
Dong et al. (2025) conducted an observational in Cardiovascular disease. Metabolic risk factors (high SBP, high BMI, high FPG, high LDL-c, kidney dysfunction) was evaluated on Age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). High systolic blood pressure was the leading metabolic risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality globally in 2021, with an age-standardized death rate of 125.33 per 100,000 population.