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The antileprosy drug clofazimine is also of interest for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. To understand possible resistance mechanisms, clofazimine-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants were isolated in vitro, and, unexpectedly, found to be cross-resistant to bedaquiline. Mutations in the transcriptional regulator Rv0678, with concomitant upregulation of the multisubstrate efflux pump, MmpL5, accounted for this cross-resistance. Mutation in Rv0678 should therefore be considered a confounding factor for the treatment of tuberculosis with clofazimine or bedaquiline.
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Hartkoorn et al. (2014) studied this question.
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