Percutaneous Closure of Left Atrial Appendage significantly affects Lipidome Metabolism

Figures

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  Figure 1. Hierarchical cluster analysis illustrating the results of lipid metabolome changes in patients undergoing LAAC therapy. The upper x-axis is showing on the left part (blue bar) time T0 for lipidome state before occluder therapy, while the down x-axis is differentiating the patients (2–56). The right x-axis is illustrating lipidome levels for the same patients (2.2–56.2) 6 months after undergoing therapy at time T1. Y-axis is showing the single metabolites which were analyzed. Subgroup (a) is illustrating the phosphatidylcholines, while subgroup (b) is showing lyso-phosphatidylcholines and subgroup (c) the sphingomyelins. In total 44 patients were measured for lipidome changes.

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  Figure 2. Graphical illustration of the subsumption of the multidimensional data by using a principal component analysis (a) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (b). One point per patient and group (time T0 = red points, time T1 = blue points) are subsuming the data on 2 principal components (PC1, PC2).

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  Figure 3. Graphic illustration of the mean concentration changes and the mean fold change at time T0 compared with T1. Metabolites were separately listed in subgroups with distinct line and bar colors (blue = lysoPCs, orange = saturated PCs, green = unsaturated PCs, purple = SMs). Significance is not considered at this summation. In total there is an increase in all 4 subclasses detectable. (a) Longitudinal graphic (sums of lipid classes) as mean log2 concentration. (b) Mean fold change diagram.

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  Figure 4. Illustration of all metabolites with a significant concentration change as log2 concentration (y-axis). Each dot is showing the result of one patient with in total 44 dots representing all included patient-samples. (a) saturated Phosphatidylcholines (b) Unsaturated diacyl-Phosphatidylcholines (c) Unsaturated acyl-alkyl-Phosphatidylcholines (d) lysoPC.a.C16.1. and SMs.

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  Figure 5. A schematic overview of intra-cellular lipid metabolism and an illustration of the results. While SMs have shown a distinct serum level behavior with increasing and decreasing levels, the other subclasses are strictly increased after LAAC therapy.