Key result
Higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at 17.7 years was associated with an increased risk of elevated systolic blood pressure/hypertension at 24.5 years (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02-1.41; P=0.026).
Why the study?
The authors sought to examine the temporal longitudinal associations of cfPWV and cIMT with the risk of overweight/obesity and elevated BP/hypertension.
Do baseline arterial stiffness (cfPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) predict the risk of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure/hypertension in adolescents over 7 years?
Cohort (n=3,862)
Do baseline arterial stiffness (cfPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) predict the risk of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure/hypertension in adolescents over 7 years?
Odds Ratio: 1.2 (95% CI 1.02–1.41)
p-value: p=0.026
Arterial stiffness in adolescence precedes and predicts the development of elevated blood pressure and obesity in young adulthood, suggesting a bidirectional relationship with adiposity.
Arterial stiffness in adolescence was associated with hypertension risk; hypothesis-generating before trials test early interventions.
We examined the temporal longitudinal associations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) with the risk of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP)/hypertension. We studied 3862 adolescents aged 17.7 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, followed-up for 7 years. cfPWV and cIMT were measured by ultrasound. Total and trunk fat mass and lean mass were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body mass index and BP were measured. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, linear mixed-effect, and cross-lagged structural equation models, with covariate adjustments. Among 1719 male and 2143 female participants, higher cfPWV at 17.7 years was associated with the risk of elevated systolic BP/hypertension (odds ratio, 1.20 [1.02–1.41]; P =0.026), elevated diastolic BP/hypertension (1.77 [1.32–2.38]; P <0.0001), body mass index-overweight/obesity (1.19 [1.01–1.41]; P =0.041), and trunk fat mass overweight/obesity (1.24 [1.03–1.49]; P =0.023) at 24.5 years. Higher cIMT at 17.7 years had no associations with obesity and elevated BP at follow-up. cfPWV progression was directly associated with 7-year increase in systolic BP (effect estimate 16 mm Hg [9–24]; P <0.0001) and diastolic BP (28 mm Hg [23–34]; P <0.0001). cIMT progression was directly associated with the 7-year increase of all adiposity measures and diastolic BP. In the temporal analysis, baseline cfPWV was directly associated with follow-up systolic and diastolic BP, however, baseline BP was unassociated with follow-up cfPWV. cfPWV but not cIMT was bidirectionally associated with adiposity. Obesity and hypertension prevention from adolescence may require developing novel approaches to mitigate arterial stiffness.
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Agbaje et al. (2021) conducted a cohort in Overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure/hypertension (n=3,862). Higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) vs. Lower cfPWV and cIMT was evaluated on Elevated systolic blood pressure/hypertension at 24.5 years (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.41, p=0.026). Higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at 17.7 years was associated with an increased risk of elevated systolic blood pressure/hypertension at 24.5 years (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02-1.41; P=0.026).
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