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This paper describes a 28-GHz CMOS direct conversion transceiver with packaged 2 × 4 patch antenna array for 5G communication. Beamforming antenna and reconfigurable transceiver architecture are used for high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP). For low error vector magnitude (EVM), switchless matching transmitter (Tx)/receiver (Rx) to antenna and 28-GHz injection-locked local oscillator (LO) generator are employed. Test chip was fabricated in 28-nm RF CMOS process. Measurement results show Tx EIRP sat of 31.5 dBm (P sat of 10.5 dBm in one power amplifier (PA)), EIRP max 24 dBm (Pmax of 2 dBm with backoff of 7.5 dB in one PA), Rx noise figure of 6.7 dB, and integrated LO phase noise of -38.7 dBc (0.67°). After IQ mismatch calibration, Tx LO leakage and image power are less than -35 dBc. Rx and Tx EVM show 2.2% (-33 dB) at medium RF power (Rx P in of -60 dBm and Tx EIRP of 0 dBm) with well-fit beam control capability.
Kim et al. (Tue,) studied this question.