Key result
Morning time was associated with attenuated forearm vascular conductance and blood flow following reperfusion compared to evening in elderly individuals with (p<0.01) and without (p<0.001) diabetes.
Why the study?
Cardiovascular events show morning preference and sex differences, and are related to aging and type 2 diabetes.
Do age, sex, and type 2 diabetes affect circadian variations in post-ischemic vasodilation and reactive hyperemia?
Cross-Sectional
Do age, sex, and type 2 diabetes affect circadian variations in post-ischemic vasodilation and reactive hyperemia?
p-value: p=<.001
Elderly individuals exhibit attenuated post-ischemic forearm vasodilation in the morning, independent of diabetes, which may contribute to the known morning preference of cardiovascular events.
May warrant time-specific vascular assessments in elderly patients; hypothesis-generating for sex and diabetes effects on circadian responses.
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular events show morning preference and sex differences, and are related to aging and type 2 diabetes. We assessed circadian variations and sex differences in vascular conductance (VC) and blood flow (BF) regulations following a brief bout of forearm ischemia. METHODS: Young healthy individuals (H18-30) and elderly without (H50-80) and with type 2 diabetes (T2DM50-80) of both sexes were included. Forearm VC and BF, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline and following circulatory reperfusion were measured at 6 a.m. and 9 p.m. RESULTS: In the morning compared to evening, following reperfusion, the VC and BF increments were similar in H18-30 (p>.71), but lower in H50-80 (p<.001) and T2DM50-80 (p<.01). VC and BF following circulatory reperfusion were higher in men than women in H18-30 (p<.001), but similar between sexes in the older groups (p>.23). CONCLUSIONS: Forearm vasodilation following reperfusion is attenuated in the morning in the elderly, impairing BF towards an ischemic area. Diabetes does not affect the circadian regulation of VC and BF, but that of MAP. There are sex differences in VC and BF at baseline and after circulatory reperfusion at a young age, being greater in men, which disappear with aging without being affected by diabetes.
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Gentilin et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes and aging. Morning time (6 a.m.) vs. Evening time (9 p.m.) was evaluated on Vascular conductance (VC) and blood flow (BF) increments following circulatory reperfusion (p=<.001). Morning time was associated with attenuated forearm vascular conductance and blood flow following reperfusion compared to evening in elderly individuals with (p<0.01) and without (p<0.001) diabetes.