Bacterial Pigments as Natural Alternatives to Antibiotics by Inhibition Mechanisms and Their Applications in Combating Microbial Resistance: A Review

Bacteria produce naturel pigment or dye this dye called bacterial pigments, these are composed from chemical substances that have important biological activities. Bacteria can be a good alternative source for synthetic vital pigment also bacteria pigment have a better biodegradability and high compatibility with environment. Bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptomyces, Nocardia and other bacteria make the dyes like a virulence factor. These pigments are of different colors, such as red, yellow, orange, green, and black. They are of great importance in that they act as antioxidants, antituberculosis and anticancer agents in the textile and food industries. The discovery and development of new antibiotics are crucial due to the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The biosafety properties of bacterial pigments make them an integral part of pharmaceuticals preparation, and this is not limited to medicine also used in industry and biotechnology. In recent years bacteria may be resistant to all antibiotics and have become clear threat to community in general with increase deaths resulting from bacterial infections.