Mural cell-specific deletion of MHC class I antigen presentation increases immune cell infiltration into the brain during neurotropic virus infection 2257679

Introduction The H-2Db class I restricted CD8 T cell response is critical for clearance of neurotropic Theiler’s virus encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. However, the key central nervous system cell types required to present H-2Db for CD8 T cell trafficking and expansion in the brain are not known. Mural cells are a critical cellular component of the neurovascular unit for maintaining vascular integrity which also express MHC class I molecules. However, the importance of mural cell antigen-restricted engagement by CD8 T cells has not been investigated. Methods To determine the function of mural cell MHC Class I antigen presentation, we crossed the Pdgfrβ-creERT2 mouse to our novel H-2Db LoxP mouse developed by our laboratory. This transgenic mouse approach enabled us to target mural cells during neuroinflammation. Results We observed robust knockdown of H-2Db on mural cells during acute TMEV infection. Conditional H-2Db knockdown in mural cells resulted in increased brain infiltration of CD8 T cells specific to the immunodominant Db:VP2 121-130 epitope of TMEV, demonstrating an important role of mural cells for immune cell recruitment. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating MHC class I antigen presentation by mural cells impacts CD8 T cell recruitment during neuroinflammation. Funding Source R01-NS103212, T32-AI170478 Topic Categories Neuroimmunology (NEUR)