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July 30, 2026The Journal of Immunology

Non-invasive profiling of antigen-specific endometrial T cells via Menstrual Effluent 2249626

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Authors

AMAmparo Martínez-PérezLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyDWDaniela WeiskopfLa Jolla Institute for Immunology

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Implication

Randomized trial profiles immune responses in the endometrium using menstrual effluent, suggesting new health monitoring paths.

Key Points

  • This research aims to profile antigen-specific T cell responses in the endometrium using menstrual effluent.
  • Collected paired samples of peripheral blood and menstrual effluent using menstrual cups from healthy donors.
  • Analyzed samples using spectral flow cytometry after stimulating with peptide megapools from various pathogens.
  • Characterized T cell responses by assessing activation markers, memory and Treg phenotype, tissue-residency markers, and cytokine production.
  • Identified antigen-specific T cells in menstrual effluent for CMV, EBV, and HPV, marking the first detection of HPV- and EBV-specific T cells there.
  • Observed high inter-donor heterogeneity in T cell responses between menstrual effluent and paired peripheral blood.
  • Highlighted menstrual effluent's potential as a non-invasive tool for monitoring endometrial immunity.

Cite This Study

Martínez-Pérez et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a6af54a60e2b924d3ea148ahttps://doi.org/10.1093/jimmun/vkag141.087
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Flowing differently: exploratory characterization of menstrual effluent compared with peripheral blood2026
  2. 2Menstrual Effluent in the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Endometriosis—A Systematic Review2026 · 4 citations
  3. 3Analysis of menstrual effluent uncovers endometriosis-specific cell populations and impaired cellular pathway processes2025 · 1 citations
  4. 4Single-nucleus analysis of menstrual fluid highlights gene expression differences in epithelial cells of endometriosis donors2026
  5. 5Deep immune profiling of endometrial and peripheral blood cells in endometriosis2026