Key result
The proposed vital sign mask framework for FMCW MIMO radar achieved accurate heart rate monitoring in multi-resident scenarios, with an overall RMSE of 1.6 bpm for 4 residents.
Why the study?
Simultaneous heart rate extraction for multiple individuals within a single radar range bin remains challenging for small antenna arrays, and multi-person scenarios in real-world environments are often overlooked.
A novel FMCW MIMO radar framework enables accurate, non-contact heart rate monitoring of multiple individuals simultaneously in a single range bin.
The burgeoning field of radar-based vital sign sensing has seen significant advancements. However, practical aspects such as the impact of multi-person scenarios with diverse orientations in real-world environments are often overlooked and not fully verified. In realistic scenarios, the concurrent presence of multiple individuals within a single range bin is an inescapable aspect. And extracting the heart rates of multiple people at the same time in this scenario is challenging for small antenna arrays. This paper proposes a framework for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar to achieve accurate heart rate monitoring of multiple targets in a single range bin. The framework consists of two main modules. The first module is vital sign mask, which adaptively generates mask vectors to minimize mutual interference between different targets. High resolution degree of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm of coherent signal sources is combined with interference suppression beamforming to maximize the separation efficiency of small antenna arrays. The second part is the dynamic demodulation and base frequency heart rate (HR) estimation algorithm, which restores the heart waveform by dynamically compensating the DC offset and utilized the high-frequency harmonic of heartbeat to estimate the heart rate while minimizing the effect of respiration harmonics. In experiments of two-resident lying side-by-side with various posture, the overall RMSE is 1.9 bpm. The proposed framework achieved a minimum separable angle of 9 degrees via an 8-element array for dual-person and tracked HR of 4 residents with RMSE of 1.6 bpm, demonstrating capability to operate in daily multi-resident scenarios.
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Liu et al. (2024) studied Heart rate monitoring (n=4). Vital sign mask framework for FMCW MIMO radar was evaluated on Heart rate estimation accuracy (RMSE). The proposed vital sign mask framework for FMCW MIMO radar achieved accurate heart rate monitoring in multi-resident scenarios, with an overall RMSE of 1.6 bpm for 4 residents.
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