Key result
Photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensors integrated into ear tags are a realistic and feasible technology for continuous and accurate heart rate monitoring in mid-sized and larger farm animals.
Why the study?
Heart rate monitoring is increasingly important for farm animal welfare and production efficiency, but whether continuous heart rate sensors are realistic for long-term livestock monitoring remains uncertain.
Continuous heart rate monitoring using PPG sensors integrated into ear tags is a realistic and feasible technology for mid-sized and larger livestock.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May advance remote monitoring in large-animal veterinary practice; leaves open prospective validation before routine adoption.
For all homoeothermic living organisms, heart rate (HR) is a core variable to control the metabolic energy production in the body, which is crucial to realize essential bodily functions. Consequently, HR monitoring is becoming increasingly important in research of farm animals, not only for production efficiency, but also for animal welfare. Real-time HR monitoring for humans has become feasible though there are still shortcomings for continuously accurate measuring. This paper is an effort to estimate whether it is realistic to get a continuous HR sensor for livestock that can be used for long term monitoring. The review provides the reported techniques to monitor HR of living organisms by emphasizing their principles, advantages, and drawbacks. Various properties and capabilities of these techniques are compared to check the potential to transfer the mostly adequate sensor technology of humans to livestock in term of application. Based upon this review, we conclude that the photoplethysmographic (PPG) technique seems feasible for implementation in livestock. Therefore, we present the contributions to overcome challenges to evolve to better solutions. Our study indicates that it is realistic today to develop a PPG sensor able to be integrated into an ear tag for mid-sized and larger farm animals for continuously and accurately monitoring their HRs.
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Nie et al. (2020) conducted a review in Heart rate monitoring in livestock. Continuous heart rate monitoring (PPG technique) was evaluated. Photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensors integrated into ear tags are a realistic and feasible technology for continuous and accurate heart rate monitoring in mid-sized and larger farm animals.
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