Key result
Full-dose anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin was initiated in a woman with cancer and recurrent strokes, but she subsequently developed a pulmonary thromboembolism and died.
Why the study?
Does full-dose anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin prevent recurrent thrombotic events in a patient with advanced cancer and multiple recurrent ischaemic strokes?
Case Report (n=1)
Does full-dose anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin prevent recurrent thrombotic events in a patient with advanced cancer and multiple recurrent ischaemic strokes?
This case highlights the challenges and poor prognosis of managing recurrent ischaemic strokes in patients with advanced cancer, where full-dose anticoagulation may not prevent further severe thrombotic events such as pulmonary embolism.
Recurrent stroke during chemotherapy for metastatic cancer warrants vigilance; this Level 5 case leaves open mechanisms and should not change practice.
A 52-year-old woman with a medical history of cervical and thyroid cancer, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, uncontrolled diabetes and heavy smoking was diagnosed with a new metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. While undergoing palliative chemotherapy, she developed dysarthria and left-sided weakness. Imaging studies showed multiple bilateral ischaemic strokes. On hospital days 2 and 5, she developed worsening neurological symptoms and imaging studies revealed new areas of ischaemia on respective days. Subsequent workup did not revealed a clear aetiology for the multiple ischaemic events and hypercoagulability studies were only significant for a mildly elevated serum D-dimer level. Although guidelines are unclear, full-dose anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin was initiated given her high risk of stroke recurrence. She was discharged to acute rehabilitation but, within a month, she experienced complications of her malignant disease progression and a new pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient died soon after being discharged home with hospice care.
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Suero‐Abreu et al. (2017) conducted a case report in Multiple recurrent ischaemic strokes and metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (n=1). Low molecular weight heparin was evaluated. Full-dose anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin was initiated in a woman with cancer and recurrent strokes, but she subsequently developed a pulmonary thromboembolism and died.
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