Effects of pH, Temperature, Supplementation with Whey Protein Concentrate, and Adjunct Cultures on the Production of Exopolysaccharides by Streptococcus thermophilus 1275

Effects of pH, temperature, supplementation with whey protein concentrate (WPC), and non-EPS culture on the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Streptococcus thermophilus 1275 were studied. The organism was grown in 10% reconstituted skim milk (RSM) in a Biostat B fermenter for 24 h at various pH (4.5, 5.5 and 6.5) and temperatures (30, 37, 40, and 42 degrees C), and supplementation with WPC 392, and non-EPS producing S. thermophilus 1303 and the amount of EPS produced were determined. Bacterial counts were enumerated and the concentrations of lactic acid, lactose, glucose, and galactose were also determined. A maximum of 406 mg/L of EPS was produced in RSM at 37 degrees C after 24 h of fermentation at pH 4.08 when the pH was not controlled. A pH of 5.5 and temperature of 40 degrees C were found to be optimal for EPS production by S. thermophilus 1275, yielding 458 mg/L. The EPS production increased when RSM was supplemented with WPC 392. At optimum pH and at 37 degrees C with WPC supplementation, the level of EPS increased to 1029 mg/L. Co-culturing S. thermophilus 1275 with non-EPS S. thermophilus 1303 increased EPS production at 37 degrees C and pH 5.5 to 832 mg/L. High temperature (42 degrees C) reduced the amount of EPS production, and EPS production ceased at pH 4.5 when maintained constantly at this pH. The level of lactose utilization and lactic acid production depended on growth conditions of the organism. No glucose was detected, while galactose was found to accumulate in the medium.