Key result
Gastrointestinal and hepatic involvement in heart failure is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality, driven by complex mechanisms including proinflammatory cytokines.
Population
Patients with heart failure
Design
Review
Authors
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May inform multiorgan risk assessment in HF; leaves open whether targeted GI/hepatic interventions alter outcomes.
This review highlights the complex bidirectional relationship between heart failure and the gastrointestinal and liver systems, emphasizing that their involvement is common and associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Sundaram et al. (2016) conducted a review in Heart failure. Gastrointestinal and liver involvement was evaluated. Gastrointestinal and hepatic involvement in heart failure is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality, driven by complex mechanisms including proinflammatory cytokines.
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