A Review of “Application” in Lower Secondary School Science Textbooks: Content Analysis of Learning Activities Identified through “Application”-Related Headings

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Key Points

The study aims to clarify how secondary school science textbooks describe the use of knowledge through the concept of 'application'.
Analyzed three textbook publishers featuring 'application'-related headings to evaluate learner engagement.
Identified and categorized 317 specific learning activities present within the textbooks.
Classified the contexts of knowledge use into 'extension of learning content' and 'everyday life'.
'Everyday life' examples were the most commonly addressed, with 14 types of activities identified, such as 'making predictions' and 'expressing ideas'.
'Investigative' activities were also significant, emphasizing the role of textbooks in deepening understanding of learned content.
The expected knowledge and skills were primarily content-related, though activities also engaged students' prior experiences and outputs.

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This review analyzes learning activities related to 'application' in secondary science textbooks, indicating educational implications.

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Koki Horita (2026) studied this question.

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