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August 2, 2026EnergiesOpen Access

Stimulation Technologies for Geothermal and Unconventional Reservoirs: A Review of Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

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The goal is to evaluate current stimulation technologies for geothermal and unconventional reservoirs and identify specific challenges and future needs.
Review of hydraulic fracturing, thermal stimulation, and plasma-pulse stimulation technologies.
Comparison of methods based on fracture development, permeability enhancement, and operational maturity.
Evaluation of future perspectives and deployment challenges for each stimulation technology.
Hydraulic fracturing demonstrated the highest operational maturity and effectiveness in creating reservoir-scale fractures.
Thermal stimulation is crucial for enhancing geothermal systems, affecting heat-exchange and energy recovery rather than merely permeability.
Plasma-pulse stimulation shows potential for enhancing near-wellbore permeability but faces deployment challenges such as treatment radius and field validation.

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Review analyzes reservoir stimulation methods and challenges in geothermal and unconventional systems, suggesting future improvements.

Mina S. Khalaf (2026) studied this question.

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