Key result
Confounding by indication is difficult to determine in studies of calcium channel blockers, but various analytic methods may be useful when it is suspected.
Design
Review
Authors
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Analytic methods may address confounding by indication in CCB studies; leaves open whether prior safety signals were artifactual.
This review highlights the challenges of confounding by indication in observational studies of calcium channel blockers and suggests analytic methods to address it.
Marshall M. Joffe (2000) reported a review. Calcium channel blockers was evaluated. Confounding by indication is difficult to determine in studies of calcium channel blockers, but various analytic methods may be useful when it is suspected.
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