Key result
Carotid artery stenosis >70% and a three-fold increase in stiffness both led to significant reductions in mean internal carotid artery flow in an in-vitro model.
Why the study?
Does carotid artery stenosis and stiffness reduce blood supply to the brain in an in-vitro model?
Does carotid artery stenosis and stiffness reduce blood supply to the brain in an in-vitro model?
In an in-vitro model, significant reduction in mean internal carotid artery flow occurs only above 70% stenosis, while increased arterial stiffness also modestly reduces flow.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
These in-vitro results should not change practice; they leave open validation of combined stenosis and stiffness effects in vivo.
The carotid artery is one of the major supply routes of blood to the brain and a common site of vascular disease. Obstructive and sclerotic disorders within the carotid artery impact local blood flow patterns as well as overall impedance and blood supply to the brain. A lumped parameter model and an experimental in-vitro flow loop were used to study the effects of local stenosis and stiffness in the carotid artery based on a family of phantoms with different degrees of stenosis and compliance. The model also allows independent examination of the effects of downstream resistance and compliance. Mild to moderate stenosis was found to lead to minimal (∼1%) reduction in blood supply to the brain. Reduction in mean internal carotid artery (ICA) flow was statistically significant (p< 0.01) only above 70% stenosis. On the other hand, a three-fold increase in stiffness of the carotid artery, as might occur in aging, was found to lead to a modest yet statistically significant reduction (p< 0.01) in mean ICA flow. Effects of changing downstream resistance and compliance were examined. For a given pressure waveform, reduction in downstream compliance led to altered waveform shape and reduction in peak systolic flow rates where the mean flow rates were not altered. Increased downstream resistance resulted in drastic reduction in mean flow rates.
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Onaizah et al. (2017) studied Carotid artery stenosis and stiffness. Local stenosis and stiffness vs. Different degrees of stenosis and compliance was evaluated on Mean internal carotid artery (ICA) flow (p=<0.01). Carotid artery stenosis >70% and a three-fold increase in stiffness both led to significant reductions in mean internal carotid artery flow in an in-vitro model.
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