The influence of blood pressure patterns on renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease

Figures

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  Figure 1. The progression of glomerular filtration rate according to initial BP control and dipping categories. Better initial BP control category (true controlled and white-coat hypertension) showed higher eGFR than each corresponding BP pattern. mean ± S.E. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01 ∗∗∗P < .001 (Kruskal-Wallis test). (A) Initial BP control category (Ptime = .89, PBP control category < .01, Ptime X BP control category = .45). Solid blue: white-coat, red: true controlled, green: masked, and yellow: sustained uncontrolled hypertension. (B) Initial dipping category (Ptime = .16, Pdipping control category = .29, Ptime X dipping control category = .48). Dashed blue: non-dipper, red: dipper, green: reverse-dipper, and yellow: extreme-dipper. BP = blood pressure, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.

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  Figure 2. The progression of glomerular filtration rate according to each subset of initial clinic BP. Lower initial clinic SBP, PP, and PP/SBP ratio (< median) showed higher eGFR than each corresponding BP pattern. mean ± S.E. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01 ∗∗∗P < .001 (Mann-Whitney U test). (A) Initial clinic SBP group (Ptime = .02, PSBP group < .01, Ptime X SBP group = .68). Solid red: SBP < 130 mm Hg, blue: SBP ≥130 mm Hg. (B) Initial clinic DBP group (Ptime = .04, PDBP group = .06, Ptime X DBP group = .28). Dashed red: DBP < 80 mm Hg, blue: DBP ≥80 mm Hg. (C) Initial clinic PP group (Ptime = .02, PPP group < .01, Ptime X PP group = .81). Solid red: PP < 49 mm Hg, blue: PP ≥ 49 mm Hg. (D) Initial clinic PP/SBP ratio group (Ptime = .02, PPP/SBP ratio group < .01, Ptime X PP/SBP ratio group = .98). Dashed red: PP/SBP ratio < 0.3782, blue: PP/SBP ratio ≥ 0.3782. BP = blood pressure, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, PP = pulse pressure, SBP = systolic blood pressure.

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  Figure 3. The progression of glomerular filtration rate according to BP control category and dipping category change over 1 year. Better change in BP control categories, not dipping pattern changes over 1 year, showed higher eGFR than each corresponding BP pattern. mean ± S.E. ∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01 ∗∗∗P < .001 (Mann-Whitney U test). (A) BP control category change over 1 year (Ptime = .89, PBP control category change < .01, Ptime X BP control category change = .45). Solid red: better change to white-coat and true controlled, blue: worse change to masked and sustained uncontrolled. (B) Dipping category change over 1 year (Ptime = .16, Pdipping category change = .29, Ptime X dipping category change = .48). Dashed red: change to dipper, blue: change to other dipping patterns. BP = blood pressure.