Key result
Short-term coffee intake improved endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation (WMD 1.93%; 95% CI 1.10-2.75), but long-term intake showed no such effect.
Why the study?
Previous research regarding the effect of coffee intake on endothelial function and arterial stiffness was controversial.
Does coffee intake improve endothelial function and arterial stiffness?
Meta-Analysis
Does coffee intake improve endothelial function and arterial stiffness?
Mean Difference: 1.93 (95% CI 1.1–2.75)
Coffee consumption appears to have a beneficial short-term effect on endothelial function, though it may unfavorably affect arterial stiffness, but conclusions are limited by the small number of studies and high risk of bias.
Short-term coffee may acutely improve endothelial function; challenges assumptions of sustained vascular benefits from habitual intake.
Background Endothelial function (EF) and arterial stiffness (AS) are predictors of cardiovascular disease. As previous research concerning the effect of coffee intake on EF and AS was controversial, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize research.Methods We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to find clinical trials investigating the effect of coffee intake on EF or AS up to March 2020.Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) between intervention and control groups for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Between study heterogeneity was estimated using Cochran’s Q and the I2-inconsistency index. Internal validity of included randomized trials was determined with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias.Results Twenty-three articles were included for qualitative and 11 articles for quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis of 14 RCTs (nine articles) indicated a positive short-term (postprandial) effect of coffee intake on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as a measure of EF (WMD: 1.93%[95% CI: 1.10–2.75]; I2= 97.9%). Meta-analysis of three long-term RCTs(two articles) found no such effect on FMD (WMD: −0.08% [−3.82 to 3.66]; I2= 61.4%).Most short-term information was from studies at low or unclear risk of bias, while the proportion of long-term information from studies at high risk of bias was considerable.Conclusion The results from this meta-analysis suggest a beneficial short-term effect of coffee intake on EF as measured by FMD. However, there might be unfavorable effects on AS. Our findings must be interpreted cautiously as the number of studies were low and included studies had a considerable risk of bias.
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Azad et al. (2020) reported a meta-analysis. Coffee consumption vs. Control was evaluated on Short-term (postprandial) effect on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as a measure of endothelial function (WMD 1.93%, 95% CI 1.10-2.75). Short-term coffee intake improved endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation (WMD 1.93%; 95% CI 1.10-2.75), but long-term intake showed no such effect.
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