Prognostic implications of valvular heart disease in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Flowchart of patient population. VHD, valvular heart disease. *Significant VHD represents moderate/severe valve lesions. The categories of VHD are not mutually exclusive. Patients with significant VHD may have multiple moderate/severe valve lesions, while patients with no/mild VHD may have multiple mild valve lesions or no VHD

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  Fig. 2. Cumulative incidence of clinical outcomes by VHD status. Each curve is accompanied by lines representing 95% confidence intervals. VHD, valvular heart disease; HF, heart failure; SEE, systemic embolic event

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  Fig. 3. Prognostic association of moderate/severe valve lesions across clinical outcomes. Incidence rates, unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios are presented. Adjustments were done similarly to Table 2, as well as for other valve lesions with significant association to each outcome. AS aortic stenosis, AR aortic regurgitation, MR mitral regurgitation, TR tricuspic regurgitation, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, SEE systemic embolic event, HF heart failure, sVHD significant valvular heart disease

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  Fig. 4. Major subgroup analyses of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality/HF hospitalization by VHD status. p values for interaction across subgroups were presented. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for covariates. The prognostic value of VHD was emphasized in patients < 80 years old for both clinical outcomes, and in the absence of heart failure for prediction of cardiovascular mortality/HF hospitalization. Abbreviations as previously reported

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  Fig. 5. Cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality/HF hospitalization by VHD status and age or history of heart failure. The prognostic effect of significant VHD is particularly evident in patients < 80 years old and in those without history of heart failure, as indicated by the p values for interaction across subgroups. VHD, valvular heart disease; HF, heart failure