Key result
The proposed ECG acquisition AFE with heartbeat detector occupied 0.122 mm2, consumed 0.62 μW at 1.2-V, and achieved an input-referred noise of 670 nVrms.
The proposed ECG acquisition AFE achieves low power consumption and small area while maintaining noise tolerance for heartbeat detection.
This paper presents an electrocardiogram acquisition analog front-end (AFE) with a noise tolerant heartbeat (HB) detector. Source degradation and transconductance bootstrap techniques are incorporated into the AFE to reduce the 1/f noise of the amplifier. Furthermore, the chopper modulation, DC-servo loop (DSL) and pre-charge technology are combined to reduce interference from the environment. A mixed-signal implementation of HB detector with the symmetric-comparison loop is proposed to reduce the power consumption and area, which also suppresses motion artifact interference by adaptive thresholds. Implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS process, the circuit only occupies an area of 0.122 mm2 and consumes 0.62 μW at a 1.2-V supply, of which AFE and HB detector consume 507 nW and 110 nW, respectively. Simulation results show that the gain and the CMRR of AFE range from 30-45 dB and 65-105 dB, respectively. The input-referred noise is 670 nVrms with a mid-band gain of 42 dB and a bandwidth ranging from 0.5 Hz to 1 kHz.
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Zeng et al. (2023) studied this question. ECG acquisition analog front-end (AFE) with noise-tolerant heartbeat detector was evaluated on Circuit performance (power consumption, area, gain, CMRR, input-referred noise). The proposed ECG acquisition AFE with heartbeat detector occupied 0.122 mm2, consumed 0.62 μW at 1.2-V, and achieved an input-referred noise of 670 nVrms.
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